First, the basic introduction The hydrocyclone is a more effective fine-grain grading device currently in use. The construction of the hydrocyclone is relatively simple, as shown in Figure 3-2, with a cylindrical portion at the upper end and a conical container underneath. The slurry is fed into the cyclone at a certain speed (generally 5 to 12 m/s) in a tangential direction, and a rotary motion is obtained, thereby generating a large centrifugal force (usually several times or even hundreds of times larger than gravity). Under the action of centrifugal force, the coarser particles are thrown to the wall of the vessel and move downwards along the trajectory of the spiral, which is discharged into a coarse-grained product by the grit nozzle; the finer particles and most of the water are traced by the inner spiral. The overflow pipe is discharged. The cyclone is widely used for: 1 de-sludge, concentration and grading before fine material selection; 2 for grading equipment in the grinding system; 3 as centrifugal heavy medium sorting equipment. There are two factors that affect the operation of the hydrocyclone. (1) Structural parameters of the cyclone 1 The diameter productivity and overflow particle size of the cyclone increase with the increase of its diameter. Usually, the large diameter cyclone is inefficient, and the overflow has a large amount of coarse particles. 2 The size and shape of the ore mouth is increased to the size of the mine mouth, the treatment volume is increased, the overflow particle size is coarsened, and the classification efficiency is decreased. 3 The diameter and insertion depth of the overflow pipe increase the size of the overflow pipe, the treatment volume increases, the overflow particle size becomes coarser, and the classification efficiency decreases. 4 The diameter of the sinking nozzle is large, the overflow is small, and the overflow granularity is fine. The sanding nozzle is small, the concentration of the sand is high, the overflow is large, and the coarse grain content is high. 5 column height The height of the column affects the length of time the slurry is subjected to centrifugal force. Generally, the height of the column is 0.6 to 1.0 times the diameter. 6 The cone angle of the cyclone mainly affects the separation granularity, the cone angle is large, and the coarse particles are easily mixed into the overflow; the cone angle is small, and the overflow particle size becomes fine. (2) Operating parameters of the cyclone 1 The ore pressure mainly affects the treatment volume and graded particle size. Increase the ore pressure, the classification effect can be improved, and the concentration of grit is increased. 2 The concentration of feedstock feedstock and its particle size composition directly affect the concentration and particle size of the product. The finer the graded particle size, the lower the feed concentration should be. 3 overflow and grit discharge mode The best working state of the cyclone is that the grit is sprayed in an umbrella shape. The angle of the umbrella surface should not be too large, just to be able to spread out. When used for concentration, the grit is discharged at the highest concentration in ropes. When used for dewatering, the grit is discharged in the largest umbrella shape with the least amount of overflow. Second, the work status judgment and adjustment method Judging criteria and debugging methods for whether the cyclone's working state is normal: 1. The thickness of the overflow meets the next step process conditions. This standard is the first standard, that is, the condition needs to be met first. The following is a brief description of how to adjust the status: (1) The overflow concentration is small and the fineness is fine. At this time, it is necessary to reduce the pressure or adjust the concentration of the ore, or to replace the small sanding nozzle to meet the requirements. (2) The overflow concentration is large and the fineness is coarse. At this point, it is possible to increase the pressure and adjust the concentration of the ore, or to replace the large sediment to meet the requirements. However, the above adjustments cannot be adjusted by only one method, because this may make the cyclone work not normal and stable. 2. The grit is discharged in an umbrella shape. The judgment is based on the angle of the grit between 10°-20°, and the concentration reaches about 75% for the best working condition. If the dispersing angle is too large, there are three reasons: (1) The grit chamber is too large and the concentration of grit is too low. This can be adjusted by replacing the small sand sink. (2) If the ore pressure is too small, the pumping pressure of the pump should be adjusted to meet the process conditions. (3) The ore supply is too small and the concentration of the ore is too low. At this time, the amount of the ore and the number of the cyclone can be adjusted. In short, the concentration of grit directly affects the efficiency of the mill, affecting the grain size of the mill, which will affect the whole process. 3. Judging the mine pressure: (1) The theoretical pressure regulation range of a cyclone group is 0.06-0.10Mpa. If the pressure is too high, it will cause relatively large wear on the cyclone. (2) The theoretical pressure regulation range of the two-stage cyclone group is 0.08-0.16Mpa. If the pressure is too low, the concentration of the grit will be lowered, and the overflow concentration will become thicker, which will affect the process. In short, in the pressure adjustment, it is necessary to ensure that the pressure of one cyclone group cannot be high, and the pressure of the two-stage cyclone group cannot be low. Judgment and adjustment of the deterioration of the working condition of the cyclone: 1. There are more coarse particles in the overflow, and the grit is discharged in a column shape, which proves that the cyclone has a blockage, which should be eliminated in time, and adjusted according to the above adjustment. 2. The sand is discharged in a rope, which proves that the concentration of the ore is too high, and the concentration of the ore should be adjusted in time. 3. The cyclone has a long period of severe shaking, which proves that the cyclone is clogged, and it is necessary to reduce the pressure and the number of swirling units or replace the large sanding nozzle to eliminate. Note on cyclone adjustment: 1. Any valve must not be half-open, only full or full. 2. Each method in the above adjustment should be used in combination, and the adjustment method should be used as much as possible. 3. When opening the cyclone, try to open diagonally. The above operations should be adjusted according to the actual situation, and only have guiding significance. 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