It can slow down the reaction, maintain chemical balance, reduce surface tension, prevent light, thermal decomposition or oxidative decomposition. it mainly includes lead salts, metal soaps, organic tin, organic antimony, organic rare earths, pure organic compounds. Thermal stabilizers commonly used in industry mainly include lead salts, metal soaps, organic tin, organic antimony, organic rare earths, pure organic compounds, etc.
1.1 Organotin Lead Salt Stabilizer, Compound Stabilizer,Pvc Stabilizer,Titanium Dioxide Anatase Henan Shunbang Chemical Industry CO.,Ltd , https://www.sblubricant.com
Yesterday, it was reported that Nanjing Metro Line 11 was preparing to change to the intercity express line, extending to Anhui Tianchang. The reporter asked the Nanjing Metro Construction Command for confirmation. The Metro Command stated that this plan has not yet been included in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†for Nanjing Rail Transit. It is recommended that the reporter consult with the planning department. The Nanjing Planning Bureau stated that the terminal of Line 11 remained unchanged at Jinniu Lake. If Tianli is to build a subway in the future, Nanjing can consider linking it to Line 11, but whether Line 11 is to reserve an interface during construction has not yet been finalized.
The finish is still at Jinniu Lake
Metro Line 11 is a pure Jiangbei Line. The line starts from Binjiang Village to Jinniu Lake in the south. The direction in the Jiangbei Area is basically northwest-southeast, and is roughly parallel to the Yangtze River Bank Line.
Regarding the most recently reported, the original Metro Line 11 from Taifeng Road to Liuhe Railway Station will be modified to be part of the metropolitan rail transit from Nanjing to Tianchang Line. The Nanjing Planning Bureau staff told reporters that according to the current Metro Line 11 The planning of the project, the terminal station is still located in Jinniu Lake, there has been no change.
“According to the direction of Metro Line 11 from Tai Fung Road to Jinniu Lake, the extension is indeed the direction of Anhui Tianchang, but there is still a certain distance between the two places, and it is also across the two provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui, so it is impossible to appear at present. The situation of Tianchang Station is set.†The staff of Nanjing Planning Bureau said that if Anhui Tianchang builds a subway to Nanjing, it can connect with Nanjing Metro Line 11 to form an intercity rail transit line.
Line 11 builds light rails with trams
The Metro Construction Command also stated that it is currently decided to build only the Jinniu Lake section. Regarding the extension to the day, the Metro Command stated that it was not very clear. There was only such a long-term plan, but it was not confirmed. Even if there is such a day, it is not a matter of recent consideration.
It is understood that in the “12th Five-Year Plan†period of the Nanjing Metro construction plan, there is no extension of line 11 to Anhui Tianchang. That is to say, according to the current arrangement, at least five years have gone.
The Nanjing Municipal Planning Bureau also stated that the 11th line will be used as an intercity rail transit line. This is a long-term consideration and will not be realized in the short term. Therefore, it is not easy to say whether or not to reserve an interface on Metro Line 11. “From a long-term perspective, if the influence of Nanjing City is large enough, it needs to radiate to Tianchang and other places, and it is not impossible to realize the convergence of the two metros and form an intercity rail transit line.â€
The reporter noticed that the Nanjing Metro official's name for the 11th line has recently changed, and the name “Taikin Line (formerly Line 11)†appeared. The news learned from relevant departments also shows that in the Feasibility Report for the Metro Line 11 project that is being prepared, this line is also planned according to the light rail line.
The Metro Construction Command also stated that if the light rail line is built to operate with trams, it is also a modern tram that is different from traditional trams and Shanghai Zhangjiang trams, but unlike Shanghai Zhangjiang, Nanjing The Taijin line of the city is completely closed, has exclusive road rights, eliminates level crossings, so it will not encounter a red light. The one-way peak hourly passenger traffic of this modern tram can reach 1-3 million passengers per hour, and the speed can reach 70 kilometers per hour, which can realize the transfer with the No. 3 line in the paid area of ​​Tai Feng Road Station. As for the reasons for the construction of light rail, there are industry insiders who analyze that building a subway requires the approval of the National Development and Reform Commission and the cycle is long. The construction of light rails, as long as the provincial department can approve, can greatly reduce the approval time, the construction speed will be much faster, so as to ensure the service of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games goals.
Regarding the construction time of the first phase of Line 11 (Taifeng Road to Jinniu Lake Section), the current open statement is that “it is expected to start construction at the end of the yearâ€. The Nanjing Metro Construction Command stated that the specific day of construction has not yet been determined, and that it is only preparing for the preparation of the feasibility report for the project. The specific starting time should be considered according to the pre-preparation and other comprehensive conditions
(1) Excellent transparency The biggest advantage of organotin stabilizers is that they have excellent transparency. The use of organotin stabilizers in PVC formulations can produce crystalline products. Because of this, organic tin can be used in bottles, containers, corrugated boards, various types of rigid packaging containers, hoses, profiles, films, etc.
(2) Extraordinary thermal stability In terms of thermal stability, there is no other type of thermal stabilizer that can surpass it. Therefore, it is the preferred stabilizer for rigid PVC, and some varieties have better performance in soft products. Suitable for all PVC homopolymers, such as emulsion, suspension and bulk PVC, as well as vinyl chloride copolymers, graft polymers and polymer blends.
(3) The product is non-toxic. Most organotin stabilizers are non-toxic, and the migration of organotin stabilizers in rigid PVC is minimal. Therefore, organotin stabilizers are the preferred heat stabilizers for PVC for food contact.
(4) Good compatibility. Organotin stabilizers have good compatibility with PVC, so there is generally no precipitation on the metal surface, such as lead salt stabilizers and metal soap stabilizer systems.
(5) Poor lubricity Sulfur-containing tin stabilizers have poor self-lubricity. Therefore, many commercially available sulfur-containing organotins are equipped with lubricants to prevent hot melt from adhering to processing equipment during processing.
(6) High cost Compared with other types of stabilizers, the overall performance of organotin stabilizers is closer to the ideal stabilizer. However, all organotin stabilizers, regardless of their structure, have the main disadvantage that their manufacturing cost is much higher than that of lead stabilizers or metal soap compounds. In recent years, by adopting new synthetic technology, or reducing its usage in formulas, its formula cost has been reduced. In the 1970s, foreign countries developed low-priced tin products, which reduced the tin content, which also reduced the price to a certain extent.
1.2 Lead salt
(1) l Excellent stability experiments proved that among the commonly used basic lead salts, the heat resistance of sulfite is better than that of sulfate, and the heat resistance of sulfate is better than that of phosphite. The tribasic lead sulfate, which is widely used in the PVC industry, has a higher effective lead content and shows better thermal stability than other products.
(2) Excellent insulation. Because lead salt is non-ionic and non-conductive, it is inert, which makes lead salt stabilizers widely used in wire and cable industries.
(3) Excellent weather resistance. Many salt compounds can act as white pigments and can show strong covering power, so they have strong weather resistance.
(4) Poor transparency Transparency is a problem related to weather resistance. When used in wires, cables and record materials, there is no need to care about transparency, because most of these products are white or very dark black.
(5) Inexpensive lead salt stabilizer is the lowest price among all stabilizers. Therefore, despite the continuous introduction of new stabilizers, lead salt stabilizers still dominate the stabilizer market after half a century. The composite lead salt introduced to solve the dust and dispersion problem has increased in price, but still maintains a competitive advantage with other types of stabilizers.
(6) The toxicity of the toxic lead salt stabilizer limits its application in many occasions with strict hygiene requirements. For example, many countries have revised the lead content standards in drinking water, and it is no longer possible to use lead salt in PVC water pipes.
(7) Poor dispersibility The dispersibility of salt lead is poor, but the newly launched one-package product is equipped with lubricants, which solves the dispersibility problem to a certain extent. Because of the above characteristics of lead salt stabilizers, they are especially suitable for high-temperature processing. They are widely used in various opaque hard and soft products and cable materials, such as various pipes, plates, indoor and outdoor profiles, foam plastics, artificial leather, and wires. Cables, records, welding rods, etc. The most important lead salt stabilizers are tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, and dibasic lead stearate.
1.3 Organic antimony
(1) Better stability. The organic antimony stabilizer has basically the same color stability and lower melt viscosity as organotin at the same temperature. In the twin-screw extrusion process, the effect is particularly outstanding when used in combination with calcium stearate. .
(2) The price of organic antimony stabilizer is much lower than that of methyl tin or butyl tin. In addition, the amount of organic antimony used is relatively low, so the use of organic antimony can achieve a better performance/price balance.
(3) The product is non-toxic. In the United States, when a twin-screw extruder is used to manufacture PVC pipes, the PVC water supply pipe manufactured with a formula composed of antimony stabilizers, calcium stearate and other lubricants conforms to the U.S. NSF (National Sanitation Foundation) )Regulation.
(4) Poor transparency and light stability. The transparency of organic antimony compounds is not as good as organotin stabilizers, and it is also lower than the barium/fu and calcium/zinc metal soap system. It is close to lead salts and has poor light stability, so antimony is stable. The agent is mostly used for indoor products without color requirements. The antimony stabilizer itself is also required to be stored in an opaque container.
(5) Poor lubricity. Antimony stabilizers have poor lubricity. Therefore, its use must be combined with a large amount of lubricant without exception.
1.4 Metal soap
(1) The tin soap stabilizer Fu soap is the best type of metal soap. Its advantages are also reflected in the absence of initial coloring, and can produce colorless and transparent products; excellent light stability; it has the effect of preventing precipitation and adhesion. . However, because tin salt is toxic, there are strict regulations on its manufacture and use in the Labor Safety and Health Law. In recent years, the use of Fuzao has shown a downward trend.
(2) Zinc soap stabilizerThe thermal stability of zinc-based stabilizer to PVC is extremely poor. The sample with zinc soap suddenly turns black when heated, that is, the so-called "Zine burning" phenomenon occurs, but it has the following advantages: The initial coloring is excellent; the effect of preventing fouling is good; it can improve the weather resistance; many zinc soaps are recognized as non-toxic stabilizers, so they can be used in non-toxic formulations with calcium soaps.
(3) Barium soap stabilizer Barium compounds have good thermal stability and good lubricity, but the red initial coloration occurs during processing, and it is easy to cause sticking to the roller.
(4) The stability of calcium soap stabilizer is poor, but it is recognized as a non-toxic additive in the world and has excellent lubricity.
(5) Other metal soap stabilizers used in the industry include magnesium stearate, file stearate, aluminum stearate, potassium stearate, etc., among which magnesium stearate is similar to calcium stearate and can be used Materials that are in contact with food; aluminum stearate is similar to zinc stearate, and is approved by the U.S. FDA and the Japanese Vinyl Chloride Food Hygiene Association for food packaging; Stearic Acid files and potassium stearate are also non-toxic products and belong to lead salts , Tin soap and barium soap substitute.
(6) The performance requirements of the composite metal soap stabilizer processing industry for stabilizers are various, and a single metal soap often cannot meet the use requirements, so the use of composite stabilizers has become a trend. A single metal soap compound is rarely used in the PVC industry, and it is usually a compound of several metal soaps. This compound is not a simple addition of properties, but takes advantage of the synergy between the components. The composite metal soap stabilizer generally includes the stabilizer main body (i.e. metal soap), solvent (organic solvent, plasticizer, liquid non-metal stabilizer, etc.), functional additives (auxiliary stabilizer, transparency modifier, light stabilizer, Lubricants, etc.). According to the form, it is divided into solid compound and liquid compound. According to the main component, it can be divided into calcium/zinc compound stabilizer, barium/fu compound stabilizer, barium/zinc compound stabilizer, etc. Among them, the calcium/zinc composite stabilizer has a pivotal role in replacing toxic metals because it is non-toxic.
1.5 Rare earth stabilizer
(1) Excellent thermal stability The thermal stability of rare earth stabilizers is better than traditional lead salt series and barium/zinc, barium/ho/zinc stabilizers. In some applications, rare earth stabilizers can partially or completely replace organotin.
(2) Good transparency. The refractive index of rare earth stabilizers is very close to that of PVC Resin, which can replace traditional organotin and be used in the field of products with higher transparency requirements.
(3) Excellent weather resistance. Rare earth elements can absorb 230-320nm ultraviolet light. Therefore, rare earth stabilizers have anti-photoaging effects and are suitable for outdoor products such as PVC corrugated boards and window materials.
(4) Excellent electrical insulation properties. Some rare earth multifunctional stabilizers can be used to replace lead salt stabilizers in cable material formulations, and their electrical insulation properties are comparable to lead salts.
(5) Non-toxic, safe and hygienic. Rare earth elements are low-toxic elements and have no toxic hazards to the human body in their production, processing, transportation and storage. Rare earth stabilizers are non-toxic products and can be used in food packaging and medical packaging products.
(6) The processing performance is slightly worse. In the case of a large amount of rare earth stabilizer, the roll release of the material is not ideal, and there is a tendency to press out. Generally, better results can be achieved by using stearic acid or calcium stearate in combination.
In summary, rare earth stabilizers can be used for water pipes, injection pipe fittings, window frame profiles, door panels, wire ducts, foam products, artificial leather, cable materials, soft and hard transparent products, food packaging materials, etc.
1.6 Auxiliary stabilizers Auxiliary stabilizers include phosphite, epoxy soybean oil, hindered phenols, etc., which mainly rely on the synergistic effect between metal stabilizers to improve the stabilizing effect, and are generally called co-stabilizers. In addition to compounds such as mesaminocrotonic acid ester, 2-phenyl saccharin, vein derivatives, and diketone can be used in combination with metal stabilizers to improve the effect of metal stabilizers, they also have a certain stabilizing effect. Such compounds are usually called pure organic stabilizers. With the development of PVC stabilizers today, the progress of metal stabilizers is relatively slow, and the research and development of auxiliary stabilizers are unprecedentedly active, which has constituted a major trend in the field of PvC stabilizers. Auxiliary stabilizers are rarely used alone, and are often used in conjunction with primary stabilizers to improve initial coloration or improve long-term stability.