Analysis and Practice of Power Technology Generator Sets for Camera Operation Zhou Degui Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610072 is active and reactive; when there is no prime mover drag. The absorption system grid has a small amount of active power and can be used as a reactive generator to generate reactive power. Changing the magnitude of the excitation current can change the amount of meta-gong and the amount of electricity output. It can also adjust the voltage according to the robbery and over-excitation. The stability and pass rate of the voltage of the electric power. Zhang is fascinated by the hydroelectric generating unit. When the sand is washed in the reservoir area, the generator is used as a theoretical state analysis limiting factor and field practice. Keywords hydroelectric generator; phase modulation operation; reactive power compensation, medium method, classification number 312, document identification code, 1 generator, technical condition, 1.1 working condition, generator, operation at altitude 00, 1; cooling air rated temperature, 35 1 stator winding The temperature rise is 75, the buried resistance thermometer is measured, and the rotor winding temperature rise is measured by the 85 resistance method. 1.2 Technical specifications and parameters The power factor is 0.9 hysteresis; the direction of rotation is clockwise. 2 The necessity of the generator to adjust the camera operation is to adjust the phase operation. For some hydropower plants located in the mountainous area, due to the large drop in the river channel, the muddy sand content in the river water is heavy, especially during the flood period. In severe cases, the reservoir area and grit are caused. The pool is silted, and the muddy sand of the machine is increased, which causes the wear of the overcurrent components to be intensified, which affects normal power generation. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the sand washing in the reservoir area during the flood season. Some power plants currently use the method of sand washing in the reservoir area to stop the whole plant, but at this time, because the guide vane leaks greatly, the ball valve must be fully closed before the dam gate can be opened, the sand is completed, and the gate is closed. The shortcoming of this method is that the operation workload is large, the number of equipment movements is increased, the time for completing the sand washing is long, and the sand washing time is required to be 15. The operation time of the shutdown is turned on; 121 causes the power generation loss; Old equipment, after the number of movements increases, sometimes there will be failures, affecting normal operations, and the processing of faults will also prolong the time, and add power generation losses. In view of the above reasons, it can be solved by analyzing that the generator can be changed to a camera operation when the reservoir area is sanded. This can reduce the amount of operation, shorten the time of sand washing, reduce the loss of power generation, and improve economic efficiency. 2.2 When the generator is changed to phase modulation operation, it can also meet the demand of power grid voltage regulation. When the system load is at a low point, due to the capacitive effect of the capacitive reactive power of the system, the line operating voltage rises, and in severe cases, the operating voltage upper limit is often exceeded. For example, 2201 voltage often runs above 242 1, which threatens the safety of electrical equipment and the economic operation of the system. In order to solve this problem, the power grid has arranged the phase-in operation test of many generators since 1982 to absorb the inductive reactive power of the system, reduce the excessive voltage of the system, and ensure that the power system can operate safely and economically. The user provides qualified power quality, and at the same time, in order to reduce the operation and power loss, the 21 reservoir reservoir area needs to be changed to reduce the operation and power generation. 1 operation of the transmission line. 1 system load is at 6 o'clock. When the electric 1 voltage is too high or even the upper limit operating power is little or during the sand washing, when the system voltage needs to be lowered, the generator can be transferred to the phase modulation for the special power generator, and the excitation underexcited condition can be changed to lower the system. The voltage meets the requirements of its pass rate. In view of the above two points, the hydropower generating unit needs to be changed to the camera operation when needed, which can meet the needs of sand washing and meet the needs of system pressure regulation. It is very necessary, but it is necessary to change the state of the generator to the state of the camera. For analysis. And the experiment determines the active tuning effect and phase modulation capacity of the absorption, the state analysis of the 3 generators to adjust the camera operation and the reversibility principle of the 3.1 synchronous motor operation. The operation of the synchronous motor is reversible, that is, the mechanical energy can be input by the rotor. After electromagnetic action, it is converted into electric energy and output from the stator. It can also be input from the stator and subjected to electromagnetic action. Converted to mechanical energy, output from the rotor. That is to say, the synchronous motor can be operated in the state of the generator, and can also be transported in the state of the motor, depending on whether the mechanical energy or the electric energy is added to it. In addition, if the synchronous motor is not driven by the prime mover, there is no mechanical load on the shaft, but it is connected to the grid for no-load operation, and it is specially used to adjust the reactive power of the system. It is called synchronous camera, or synchronous compensation machine called reactive power machine. If the mechanical power of the input motor is further reduced, the axis of the rotor pole gradually lags behind the axis of the magnetic pole of the magnetic field in the direction of rotation. However, they remain synchronized, the power angle 3 and the electromagnetic power start to become negative, and the motor draws active power from the grid. At this time, if the prime mover is removed, the energy required to maintain the rotation of the synchronous motor is all from the power grid. If the mechanical load is applied to the motor shaft, the torque is 2, the rotor is more backward and the angle is 3, large, and electromagnetically The moment becomes the driving torque for the rotor, and the machine becomes a synchronous motor that operates under load. The rotor magnetic pole drive becomes dragged. At this time, the electric power input by the grid is converted into mechanical power by the electromagnetic power. 3.3 Synchronous camera operation state analysis Synchronous motor is used to supply the grid active power when the generator is running, and the grid is taken when the motor is running. Active power. Their reactive power can not only change the value of the value, but also realize the conversion between two properties lag or lead. When running synchronously, there is no drag load. It draws very little active power from the grid to compensate for its own losses and maintain rotation. Therefore its electromagnetic power and power factor are close to zero. If the loss is neglected, the current is completely reactive, so it is used as a dedicated reactive power supply in the power grid, so it can be regarded as a reactive power generator. When the blender is running. With the adjustment of the excitation current, the operating state of the mountain overexcitation normal excitation into the underexcitation non-excitation operation into the opposite conversion, the value and nature of the reactive power changes accordingly. The potential equation of the camera is +, the potential phasor is 1. During the synchronous operation of the camera, the system voltage is high and low, the excitation current is adjusted, and the voltage is adjusted to ensure the quality of the power is qualified. 3.2 Synchronous motor The synchronous motor that transitions from the generator to the motor platform and runs from the generator to the motor. When the synchronous motor is used as the generator, the rotor pole axis of the late phase state leads the magnetic pole curve of the air gap synthesis magnetic field in the direction of the rotor rotation, and the driving torque of the prime mover is mainly used to overcome the electromagnetic rotation of the brake. From the moment, the mechanical energy is changed into the electrical energy output. If the mechanical power of the input generator is gradually reduced, the input torque of the rotor will decrease, the power angle 8 will decrease, and the corresponding electromagnetic power will also decrease. When the power of the 3 input can only overcome the no-load loss, the household 1 =, the generator is at No-load operation status, disc =, no. Over-excitation normal excitation camera potential =, the current in the stator winding can be omitted, that is, the camera is in no-load operation. The flow is greater than the no-load excitation current, the stator current leads the voltage, and the maximum reactive power of the air-power technology is usually determined by the rated current of the rotor, and the temperature rise of the rotor winding must not exceed the limit. The magnetic current is lower than the no-load excitation current, the stator current lags behind the voltage, and its no-load potential is low. The function of the 3.4 synchronous camera is well known. Since the electric load is mainly a large number of asynchronous motors and transformers, the power grid is heavily loaded during heavy loads. Most of the inductive reactive power, so the power factor of the entire grid is low. The transmission capacity of the grid is fixed, and the low value of 0 can reduce the active power that can be transmitted. When the value is low, the line loss and voltage drop increase, the voltage decreases, the transmission quality deteriorates, and the equipment utilization and efficiency of the entire power system decreases. Flash this power, select the appropriate point, install the camera at the pivot point, and when it runs in the overexcited state, its role is equivalent to the capacitor, its compensation principle 2. A equivalent circuit phasor 1 system power supply 2 adjust camera 3 inductive load 0 and 7 adjust camera current sink load current load current active component load current reactive component 2 adjust camera compensation principle fully apply the running function of the blender. Therefore, when the adjustable camera is running, the operation state is changed as the power grid is adjusted, and the voltage adjustment can be fully utilized to improve the stability of the grid voltage. 3.5 Tuning camera non-excitation operation analysis operation practice, when the camera is de-energized in switching excitation. Or it can keep synchronous operation when it is suddenly lost during normal operation. At this time, its reactive power refers to a negative value, and the stator voltage is lower than before the demagnetization. The electromagnetic power of the mountain salient pole synchronous motor can be known as its basic electromagnetic power. Excitation current is related, the additional electromagnetic power is independent of the excitation current. It is due to the unequal reluctance of the motor in the longitudinal and transverse directions. It is also called reluctance power or salient pole power. Its amplitude is the position with the pressure and The difference increases and is large. The presence of additional electromagnetic power indicates that the electromagnetic power is not simply caused by the interaction between the rotor magnetic field and the stator current. When the camera loses the excitation current during operation, its excitation magnetic field disappears, and the excitation potential, =0. But the machine is connected in parallel with the grid, and the sentence 5 is good. Therefore, the magnetoresistance power is still in use. According to Ding 1, this is only the armature reaction magnetic field generated by the stator current in the motor, so it is also called the reaction power. The corresponding torque is called the reaction torque. When the camera is running, the active power, that is, the loss and the braking torque generated by it is small. After the excitation disappears, the response torque is still sufficient to overcome the braking torque, and the camera is synchronized with the grid. The synchronizing torque established by the residual magnet also increases the stability of its synchronous operation. Paying for the hidden camera, the rotor is big. The difference between small teeth. There is still a special, so it also has the ability to run synchronously without excitation, and the work after compensation. The flash angle 0 is reduced to 02, or 1.2, 80, thereby increasing the power factor of the network delivery power. That is, the inductive reactive power required for the load is supplied in situ, thereby avoiding the long-distance transmission, that is, the reduction, the line loss and the voltage drop. It is also fully utilized, the capacity of the power generation equipment is the basic need for the operation of the power grid to adjust the camera, or the basic function of adjusting the camera in the power grid. When the grid runs at a low valley load, the boundary reactive power of the grid or part of the network exceeds the inductive reactive power inductive reactive load, and the sum of the network reactive losses causes the grid voltage to rise. The pivot point voltage may exceed the regulation. The upper limit is more serious after the 5,1 line is put into operation. At this time, the camera will be under-excited, and its effect is equivalent to the reactor to balance the capacitive reactive power suppression and this is also a real stop. The non-excited operation of the camera is the limit of under-excited operation. Its ability to absorb reactive power reaches its maximum. Since there is no DC current in the rotor excitation winding at this time, the camera is kept in synchronous operation, so there is no turbulence in the rotor component, and there is no phenomenon of the rotor heating. The physical essence and the synchronous generator are lost in operation. Excitation and out of step to turn into the situation of the brothers and sisters 圮 åŒ åŒ åŒ åŒ åŒ åŒ äº› 些 些 些 ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ ç”µç£ The electromagnetic response power of the 1st, salient-polarized camera without excitation can reach about 20 of the rated capacity; with the steady-state generator ff; the value of the camera is changed to the left and right and the camera is adjusted. The reactive power sequence of the camera is absorbed during the non-excitation operation. Synchronous reactance of the motor type X; X reaction power absorption reactive power verification value The measured value error description is changed from the hydroelectric generator to the special salient pole camera. The actual voltage value is calculated without excitation. According to the direct connection to the grid, the actual voltage value during the non-excitation operation is checked. The measured values ​​are in the brackets. The dynamic power is very small. For the hydro-generator to change the camera, the braking power is about 34 of the rated capacity; the dedicated salient camera has a value of about 225; the hidden polar camera has a lower value, resulting in The dynamic power is 8801 and the non-excitation operation is 613.4. It is only 1.02 of rated capacity; its maximum response power is 4030, which is 6.57 times of braking power. Therefore, when the grid voltage is too high and the deceleration amplitude of the camera under-excited operation is not enough, the excitation current can be reduced to zero, and the non-excitation operation state is adopted, and the reaction torque is less stable and stable, that is, the progress can be improved. 1. The magnitude of the step-down is related to the load flow of the grid structure system operation mode and the size of the camera. For example, in the substation of the actual measurement, the off-camera 52 type 5.51 is changed from a steam turbine generator to a camera. When the operating state changes, its reactive power changes the regulation of the 01 and 2201 bus voltages of the station. 2, reactive power The power is fixed at the high-voltage side operating condition of 220kV over-excitation. At this time, the field resistance has reached the maximum value. When the camera is not energized, the reactive power 2 value of the grid is absorbed and can be estimated by the following formula. 1 Contact the reactance of the camera hook system when the transformer grid is directly connected to the grid. For a camera with non-excitation operation capability, if the busbar voltage is reduced during operation, if the degree of busbar voltage reduction is allowed, it can be used to continue the operation. After finding the cause of the loss of magnetism, the excitation is resumed, which can reduce the magnetic flux. The operation of the shutdown operation, 3.6 the feasibility of the generator to adjust the camera operation is described above. It is theoretically feasible to change the original machine of the synchronous motor to the camera, and it is easy to press and save energy in operation, so it has certain economic benefits. On the other hand, the generator is changed to operate as a camera. It is a reactive power generator. The shaft does not withstand the mechanical negative. You only operate under the magnetic tension of the stator and rotor. The temperature rise of the fixed coil will not exceed the rated value. 3.7 The generator should be changed to the limit of the operation when adjusting the camera operation; the Zhong Rong series, 0è…“è¡3æ¸Žç ˜, æ¸Žè… å¿ƒé™†å¥‹, knowing that Pan 3 land 41 nestlings, umbrella training. Benefit 3 poor, ç¼è•ºé™†41浑斛渎麻ç¿ç¼§é²¥, painting é™›, 41浑3 渎麻, ç ˜æ–›æ¾ˆç ˜æ–›ç›Šæ•¢1. Seven fen rice oil 7 writes a lack of æ¸Žè… , æ¸Žè… , è‘™ 蕺 蕺 蕺祢缧 蕺祢缧 蕺祢缧 蕺祢缧 蕺祢缧 蕺祢缧 浑渎 浑渎 浑渎 浑渎 浑渎 。.é„ ç”» ç”» painting; 1 monument by the Finnish frozen cut velvet 4, Feng Yi Shang é“· Pan book, 诛. 4 Xingshu 驾 驾 驾 å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ å·¯ lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar lar species of bamboo. 4.2鹕擗湘戽,æµ‘ç ˜,画黎浮,戽,湔翌,3è©,4,3 1笃ç®ç¬ƒç®ç›Š31ç°¦ç 刘湔册驾沛洋洚庳, Nene, Pei book册雄册渎1 碑é‚æ³ èŒš952,4 34ç®ç›Š31ç°¦ç 刘湔册驾陆洋洋,Nie Nie, Pei Pei Pei Chuan Xiong Xiong Xiong 渎1 Monument Soul, 10 4.3 Analysis of Results 13 After the water heater is turned off and the water is turned off, the generator is changed to the normal excitation state of the camera. The active power drawn from the sputum is not equal. The No. 1 machine draws 49681; the Jiabi No. 3 machine draws 3864 and 28.6, now 宄The reason for this is analyzed as follows. When the generator is changed to operate as a camera, the amount of active power drawn from the grid is related to various losses. 4.4 Generator Loss The generator's rated loss is determined by the sum of the mechanical loss no-load loss copper loss and the additional loss when the generator is operating in stagnation mode under normal rated conditions. Several kinds of losses are subject to the material parameters 31 used in the manufacture of the generator, and the winding mode and insulation are configured. 1 44.1 Mechanical loss The sum of the wind wear loss and the bearing friction loss of the rotating parts during operation is called mechanical loss. The value depends mainly on the surface machining accuracy of the rotating parts of the rotating speed and the lubrication quality of the bearing. At the rated speed, the value is a fixed number. 44.2 No-load loss When the generator is operated at rated voltage, hysteresis and eddy current losses are generated in the stator core. The value depends on the geometric material size and specific loss of the silicon steel sheet and the insulation quality between the sheets. The size of the motor is also related to the power frequency and magnetic density, at rated voltage. Its value is also a fixed value. 4.4.3 Copper loss The copper loss of the generator during operation includes the copper loss of the stator winding and the copper loss of the rotor winding. The value is related to the value of the DC resistance of the winding of the stator winding at the operating temperature and the current in the winding. After the motor is fixed, its value is also fixed at the working temperature and the rated current of the fixed rotor, which can be determined by calculation. 4.4.4 Additional loss The additional loss of the hair dryer mainly includes two parts of the stator winding around the 1 groove and the loss of the stator tooth harmonic ripple. The value is closely related to the stator current, usually using the motor phase to stabilize the short circuit. The total short-circuit loss is obtained at rated current, which is obtained by subtracting the stator rotor copper loss and mechanical loss. Combining the above-mentioned generation and influencing factors of the loss, it is known that the No. 13 machine is a kind of machine view, but the construction materials and parameters of the motor design and the manufacturing process and level of the motor manufacturer are not exactly the same. Therefore, the active power drawn from the grid during the phase-modulation operation of the No. 13 machine is not equal. The reason is that the efficiency curve of the 7-foot turbine of the 4.5 turbine is related to the output power. When the power is maximum, the efficiency is the least. The output power is zero when the phase modulation is running, and the loss is the largest. The reason for this loss is mainly due to the water leakage after the vane is closed and the water is immersed in the water, and the required energy is also taken from the motor stator. Different from the manufacturers of turbines No. 1 and No. 3, the processing precision of the above-mentioned water leakage runner line is different from the depth of immersion in water, so that the losses of the two turbines during phase modulation operation are definitely not equal. The active power that causes the stator of the motor to draw from the grid is also different, which is the reason. Based on the above two points of discussion, since the No. 13 generator sets are not equal, the stator of the motor is sucked from the grid during the phase-modulation operation. 4.6 The shape curve of the camera is drawn by the test result. By 3, normal, time-adjusted camera down page 9 power technology according to equipment health analysis, develop and adjust equipment overhaul plan = according to equipment health status, the discovery of equipment can not meet the quality of business survey products. Equipment overhaul planning cycle In principle, many factory manufacturers guarantee the overhaul cycle. When the equipment health condition analysis is running well, the overhaul period should be extended. Equipment overhaul must have a purpose, that is, the results of equipment health diagnosis and analysis, and according to the diagnosis and analysis of the situation, it is not allowed to carry out inspection and overhaul. There are scientific regulations on the service life of some equipment components, and those that must be replaced when they expire must be scheduled for overhaul. 4 Others should adjust the electrical equipment maintenance strategy and maintenance system according to the development of power equipment technology. The stator current of the 6th page after the deadline is 2,01 is the minimum. At this time, the active power absorbed by the camera from the grid is the least. after that. If the transfer current is reduced, the camera is adjusted to the left side of the underexcited magnetic motor 1 and the underexcitation depth is increased with the excitation turbulence, and the stator current is large. At this time, there is no obvious regularity of the active power drawn by the camera from the power grid. Because the stator current increases, the copper loss increases; but the fixed voltage is reduced, the iron loss is reduced, and the 1 plant offsets by 1æ’„, so the change is not obvious. However, on the right side of the overexcitation state, it is very obvious. Since the stator and rotor currents increase, the copper loss increases, and the stator voltage is also high. The iron loss is correspondingly large, and the superposition will result in an increase in the active power of the camera from the grid by 3 and 4. 47 buck effect camera under-excitation operation is a simple and easy way to reduce the system voltage, similar to the use of generator phase-to-phase operation, but the camera has no instability. In this test, due to the limited conditions, the underexcitation depth is shallow and only absorbs 5101 reactive power. When the No. 1 machine absorbs 10 river 1 reactive power, compared with the normal excitation state, the voltage on the 2201 side drops by 1.363.3. The No. 3 machine is under the excitation test. The 12-machine reactive power is correspondingly increased. As a result, the voltage cannot be lowered and cannot be compared. However, the analysis considers that the capacity of the No. 3 machine and the No. 1 machine are the same, and the same as the main wiring of the same power station, the pressure reduction effect should be basically the same as or close to the No. 1 machine. 48 test conclusion test results show that the turbine's water guide vane is closed and the water is turned off, so that the generator can be transferred to the camera for operation. The operation is simple, safe and reliable. The transfer from operation to the reconciliation of the repetitive excitation and over-excitation test is completed. ! . The generator is changed to the camera operation record. The amount of active power drawn from the electric power is related to the manufacturing quality of the turbine loss and the tail water level. The No. 1 machine tested this time was 4968 in the normal excitation state, and the 34 machine was tested in the same state as the 38641 recognition test. Because it is in an underexcited or overexcited state. When absorbing or emitting the same reactive power 10 anus, the stator and rotor current of the No. 3 machine is smaller than that of the No. 1 machine, and the corresponding loss is small and economical. 4.9 Economic Analysis When a power plant was used for sand washing, it was necessary to stop all three 40-inch generator sets in the whole plant. After closing the ball valve. Can sweat! The dam gate is flushed with sand, and the sand is washed 5 and then the gate is closed to store water to start power generation. Every time you need to wash sand, 1 2. The average annual rush is about 10 times. The amount of electricity generated is about 1202.4 million yuan. Turn off the water turbine guide vane and turn off the water to make the generator change to operate as a camera. It does not stop the machine and eliminates the series operation. Not only bamboo, but also labor.玎Reducing energy consumption According to the test, when the machine is washed in the reservoir area, the machine is completely changed to operate in the normal excitation state. The total active power drawn from the grid is 126961. It is only the energy consumption of the machine when the storage area is flushed. 10.58, the economic benefits are significant, and at the same time, accidents or malfunctions caused by improper or inadvertent switching operations can be avoided. 5 Conclusions The hydro-generator set of the hydropower plant, when the reservoir area needs to be sanded, shuts off the water guide vane of the turbine, and turns the generator into the mode of camera operation. In theory, the principle of reversibility of the motor is applied; Safe and reliable; low energy consumption and high economic efficiency; when the grid needs to be regulated, it can also change the excitation of the camera. Adjust the system voltage by making it underexcited or overexcited. Ensure power quality and social benefits are significant. Hydropower plants similar to the above can be promoted. 1 week Degui, Gong Beining. Synchronous generator operation technology and practice. Beijing China Electric Power Press, 19965 first edition. 2. Hu Yu Peng. Analysis of the operation mode of the synchronous motor. Chengdu Chengdu Science and Technology University Strontium Chloride,Strontium Chloride Hexahydrate,Strontium Chloride Anhydrous,High Purity Strontium Chloride Shenzhou Jiaxin Chemical Co.,Ltd , https://www.jiaxinbaso4.com